{"id":13638,"date":"2025-11-08T11:43:49","date_gmt":"2025-11-08T08:43:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vulcanesti.md\/?p=13638"},"modified":"2025-11-08T18:45:10","modified_gmt":"2025-11-08T15:45:10","slug":"segodnya-8-noyabrya-stanciya-vulkaneshty-otmechaet-svoj-xramovyj-prazdnik-i-150-letie-so-dnya-pervogo-upomenaniya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vulcanesti.md\/md\/segodnya-8-noyabrya-stanciya-vulkaneshty-otmechaet-svoj-xramovyj-prazdnik-i-150-letie-so-dnya-pervogo-upomenaniya\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f 8 \u043d\u043e\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0412\u0443\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0448\u0442\u044b \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0425\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0438 150 \u043b\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e \u0434\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u0416\u0415\u041b\u0415\u0417\u041d\u041e\u0414\u041e\u0420\u041e\u0416\u041d\u0410\u042f \u0421\u0422\u0410\u041d\u0426\u0418\u042f \u0412\u0423\u041b\u041a\u0410\u041d\u0415\u0428\u0422\u042b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a><\/a>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f (XIX \u0432\u0435\u043a \u2014 2025 \u0433\u043e\u0434)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"16\" width=\"16\" alt=\"\u2705\" src=\"https:\/\/static.xx.fbcdn.net\/images\/emoji.php\/v9\/t33\/1\/16\/2705.png\"> \u0412\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0416\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0412\u0443\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0448\u0442\u044b \u2014 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u044e\u0433\u0430 \u041c\u043e\u043b\u0434\u043e\u0432\u044b \u0438 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0411\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0440\u044b\u2013\u0411\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f\u2013\u0420\u0435\u043d\u0438\u2013\u0413\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0446. \u0421 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435 XIX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0442\u043e\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0438, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u0437\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0411\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0435\u0439, \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0411\u0443\u0434\u0436\u0430\u043a, \u0435\u0433\u043e \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0443.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"16\" width=\"16\" src=\"https:\/\/static.xx.fbcdn.net\/images\/emoji.php\/v9\/t33\/1\/16\/2705.png\" alt=\"\u2705\"> 1. <strong>\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e (1873\u20131877)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"16\" width=\"16\" src=\"https:\/\/static.xx.fbcdn.net\/images\/emoji.php\/v9\/tac\/1\/16\/1f4cc.png\" alt=\"\ud83d\udccc\"> <strong>\u0413\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0412 1870-\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u044e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043a \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043c \u0420\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u0413\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0446 \u043d\u0430 \u0414\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0435.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0421\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u041a\u044d\u0439\u043d\u0430\u0440\u044b \u2014 \u0411\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u2014 \u0412\u0443\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0448\u0442\u044b \u2014 \u0420\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0432 1873\u20131875 \u0433\u0433.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"16\" width=\"16\" src=\"https:\/\/static.xx.fbcdn.net\/images\/emoji.php\/v9\/tac\/1\/16\/1f4cc.png\" alt=\"\ud83d\udccc\"> <strong>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041e\u0441\u0435\u043d\u044c\u044e 1877 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043a \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 8 \u043d\u043e\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f 1875 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0412\u0443\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0448\u0442\u044b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"16\" width=\"16\" alt=\"\ud83d\udccc\" src=\"https:\/\/static.xx.fbcdn.net\/images\/emoji.php\/v9\/tac\/1\/16\/1f4cc.png\"> \u042d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044e, \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0414\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0439;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0440\u0430;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u044e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d \u0411\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0438;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0438 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0420\u0435\u043d\u0438, \u0413\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0446, \u0411\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043b\u0430.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0443\u0434\u0430\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439: \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0435, \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0442\u043e\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433 \u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0445\u043e\u0437\u044f\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"16\" width=\"16\" src=\"https:\/\/static.xx.fbcdn.net\/images\/emoji.php\/v9\/t33\/1\/16\/2705.png\" alt=\"\u2705\"> 2. <strong>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 (1877\u20131918)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0412 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435 XIX \u2014 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0435 XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0412\u0443\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0448\u0442\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c \u044e\u0433\u0430 \u0411\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"16\" width=\"16\" src=\"https:\/\/static.xx.fbcdn.net\/images\/emoji.php\/v9\/tf3\/1\/16\/1f539.png\" alt=\"\ud83d\udd39\"> <strong>\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0451\u043c \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430, \u043c\u0443\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0445\u043e\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044f;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u2014 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0420\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u0418\u0437\u043c\u0430\u0438\u043b\u0430.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0420\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f:<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u043b\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044b;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u043c\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0430\u0448\u043d\u044f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0416\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0412\u0443\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0448\u0442\u044b.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"16\" width=\"16\" src=\"https:\/\/static.xx.fbcdn.net\/images\/emoji.php\/v9\/t33\/1\/16\/2705.png\" alt=\"\u2705\"> 3. <strong>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 \u0420\u0443\u043c\u044b\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 (1918\u20131940)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u041c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0411\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0438 \u043a \u0420\u0443\u043c\u044b\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0448\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 C\u0103ile Ferate Rom\u00e2ne (CFR).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"16\" width=\"16\" src=\"https:\/\/static.xx.fbcdn.net\/images\/emoji.php\/v9\/tac\/1\/16\/1f4cc.png\" alt=\"\ud83d\udccc\"> <strong>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0435\u0439;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c \u0411\u043e\u043b\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u2013\u0420\u0435\u043d\u0438\u2013\u0413\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0446;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043b\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0445\u043e\u0437\u044f\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0445 CFR \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f Gara Vulc\u0103ne\u0219ti.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0439: \u0438\u0437 \u0412\u0443\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0448\u0442 \u0435\u0436\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0437\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430, \u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u0444\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"16\" width=\"16\" src=\"https:\/\/static.xx.fbcdn.net\/images\/emoji.php\/v9\/t33\/1\/16\/2705.png\" alt=\"\u2705\"> <strong>4. \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 (1940\u20131947<\/strong>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0421\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0451\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u0449\u0435\u0440\u0431:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0443\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u044d\u0432\u0430\u043a\u0443\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0411\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0438 \u0432 1944 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u041a 1947 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0435\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u044e\u0433\u0435 \u041c\u043e\u043b\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0421\u0421\u0420.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"16\" width=\"16\" src=\"https:\/\/static.xx.fbcdn.net\/images\/emoji.php\/v9\/t33\/1\/16\/2705.png\" alt=\"\u2705\"> <strong>5. \u0417\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u043a \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u2014 \u044d\u043f\u043e\u0445\u0430 \u0421\u0421\u0421\u0420 (1945\u20131991)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u042d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"16\" width=\"16\" src=\"https:\/\/static.xx.fbcdn.net\/images\/emoji.php\/v9\/tac\/1\/16\/1f4cc.png\" alt=\"\ud83d\udccc\"> <strong>\u0418\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043f\u043e;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0432\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u043e\u0431\u0448\u0438\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0443\u0430\u0440\u044b;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"16\" width=\"16\" src=\"https:\/\/static.xx.fbcdn.net\/images\/emoji.php\/v9\/tac\/1\/16\/1f4cc.png\" alt=\"\ud83d\udccc\"> <strong>\u041f\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u044b:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0418\u0437 \u0412\u0443\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0448\u0442 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u041a\u0438\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0451\u0432<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0411\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u044f\u0441\u043a\u0430<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0418\u0437\u043c\u0430\u0438\u043b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0411\u043e\u043b\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0420\u0435\u043d\u0438<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041e\u0434\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430 (\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0420\u0435\u043d\u0438)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0413\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0446<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043d\u044b \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430\u2013\u0411\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u044b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e. \u0412\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432 \u0435\u0436\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"16\" width=\"16\" src=\"https:\/\/static.xx.fbcdn.net\/images\/emoji.php\/v9\/tac\/1\/16\/1f4cc.png\" alt=\"\ud83d\udccc\"> <strong>\u0413\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043a\u0438:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0412\u0443\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0448\u0442\u044b \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0437\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0444\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043e\u0432\u043e\u0449\u0435\u0439;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0416\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"16\" width=\"16\" alt=\"\u2705\" src=\"https:\/\/static.xx.fbcdn.net\/images\/emoji.php\/v9\/t33\/1\/16\/2705.png\"> 6. \u041d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u041c\u043e\u043b\u0434\u043e\u0432\u044b \u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0430\u0434 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 (1991\u20132010-\u0435)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0421\u0421\u0421\u0420:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0439.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0422\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0435, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c:<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0445\u043e\u0437\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0443\u0437\u043b\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u041c\u043e\u043b\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0451\u043b\u043a\u0438.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"16\" width=\"16\" alt=\"\u2705\" src=\"https:\/\/static.xx.fbcdn.net\/images\/emoji.php\/v9\/t33\/1\/16\/2705.png\"> 7. \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044d\u0442\u0430\u043f \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 (2010\u20132025)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 2022 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u0441 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044f \u0433\u0435\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439, \u044e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0440\u044b \u041c\u043e\u043b\u0434\u043e\u0432\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"16\" width=\"16\" src=\"https:\/\/static.xx.fbcdn.net\/images\/emoji.php\/v9\/tac\/1\/16\/1f4cc.png\" alt=\"\ud83d\udccc\"> <strong>\u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0412\u0443\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0448\u0442\u044b:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u0420\u0435\u043d\u0438;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u041c\u043e\u043b\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u2013\u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0430\u2013\u0420\u0443\u043c\u044b\u043d\u0438\u044f;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0411\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u044f\u0441\u043a\u0430\u2013\u0414\u0436\u0443\u0440\u0434\u0436\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0448\u0442\u044b;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u044e\u0433\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"16\" width=\"16\" alt=\"\u2705\" src=\"https:\/\/static.xx.fbcdn.net\/images\/emoji.php\/v9\/t33\/1\/16\/2705.png\"> 8. \u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0412\u0443\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0448\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u044d\u043f\u043e\u0445:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"16\" width=\"16\" src=\"https:\/\/static.xx.fbcdn.net\/images\/emoji.php\/v9\/tf3\/1\/16\/1f539.png\" alt=\"\ud83d\udd39\"> <strong>XIX \u0432\u0435\u043a:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043e\u043a\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0430;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"16\" width=\"16\" src=\"https:\/\/static.xx.fbcdn.net\/images\/emoji.php\/v9\/tf3\/1\/16\/1f539.png\" alt=\"\ud83d\udd39\"> <strong>1930-\u0435 (\u0440\u0443\u043c\u044b\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0445\u043e\u0437\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"16\" width=\"16\" src=\"https:\/\/static.xx.fbcdn.net\/images\/emoji.php\/v9\/tf3\/1\/16\/1f539.png\" alt=\"\ud83d\udd39\"> <strong>1950\u20131980-\u0435<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0432\u043e\u043a\u0437\u0430\u043b \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0430\u0448\u043d\u044f;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"16\" width=\"16\" alt=\"\u2705\" src=\"https:\/\/static.xx.fbcdn.net\/images\/emoji.php\/v9\/t33\/1\/16\/2705.png\"> 9. \u041b\u044e\u0434\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u2014 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0412\u0443\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0448\u0442<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0443\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0448\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0438.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"16\" width=\"16\" src=\"https:\/\/static.xx.fbcdn.net\/images\/emoji.php\/v9\/tac\/1\/16\/1f4cc.png\" alt=\"\ud83d\udccc\"> <strong>\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0434\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u043f\u0443\u0442\u0435\u0439\u0446\u044b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u043c\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043f\u043e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043b\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0437\u044f\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0443\u044e \u00ab\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0443\u044e\u00bb \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"16\" width=\"16\" alt=\"\u2705\" src=\"https:\/\/static.xx.fbcdn.net\/images\/emoji.php\/v9\/t33\/1\/16\/2705.png\"> 10. \u0417\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0412\u0443\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0448\u0442\u044b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0451\u043b\u043a\u0430;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u0437\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u041c\u043e\u043b\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439, \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0420\u0443\u043c\u044b\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0439;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0438\u044f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0411\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0412\u0443\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0448\u0442\u044b \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440 \u044e\u0433\u0430 \u041c\u043e\u043b\u0434\u043e\u0432\u044b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"16\" width=\"16\" alt=\"\u2705\" src=\"https:\/\/static.xx.fbcdn.net\/images\/emoji.php\/v9\/t33\/1\/16\/2705.png\"> \u0417\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0416\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0412\u0443\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0448\u0442\u044b \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 150 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438: \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439, \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439, \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041e\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 XIX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u2014 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0411\u0443\u0434\u0436\u0430\u043a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-1 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"337\" data-id=\"13640\" src=\"https:\/\/vulcanesti.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/578274705_25222182067417224_2391288547853617162_n.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13640\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vulcanesti.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/578274705_25222182067417224_2391288547853617162_n.jpg 600w, https:\/\/vulcanesti.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/578274705_25222182067417224_2391288547853617162_n-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1206\" data-id=\"13646\" src=\"https:\/\/vulcanesti.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/576528246_25222183224083775_5087279240833622124_n.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13646\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vulcanesti.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/576528246_25222183224083775_5087279240833622124_n.jpg 1080w, https:\/\/vulcanesti.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/576528246_25222183224083775_5087279240833622124_n-269x300.jpg 269w, https:\/\/vulcanesti.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/576528246_25222183224083775_5087279240833622124_n-1024x1143.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1080\" height=\"752\" data-id=\"13647\" src=\"https:\/\/vulcanesti.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/578275607_25222182450750519_11390937460961357_n.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13647\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vulcanesti.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/578275607_25222182450750519_11390937460961357_n.jpg 1080w, https:\/\/vulcanesti.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/578275607_25222182450750519_11390937460961357_n-300x209.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vulcanesti.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/578275607_25222182450750519_11390937460961357_n-1024x713.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/vulcanesti.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/578275607_25222182450750519_11390937460961357_n-825x575.jpg 825w, https:\/\/vulcanesti.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/578275607_25222182450750519_11390937460961357_n-590x410.jpg 590w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1527\" data-id=\"13645\" src=\"https:\/\/vulcanesti.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/577905346_25222183587417072_7331015431491739964_n.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13645\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vulcanesti.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/577905346_25222183587417072_7331015431491739964_n.jpg 1080w, https:\/\/vulcanesti.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/577905346_25222183587417072_7331015431491739964_n-212x300.jpg 212w, https:\/\/vulcanesti.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/577905346_25222183587417072_7331015431491739964_n-1024x1448.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1080\" height=\"878\" data-id=\"13644\" src=\"https:\/\/vulcanesti.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/558288027_25222182814083816_8243179413037165662_n-\u2014-\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044f.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13644\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vulcanesti.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/558288027_25222182814083816_8243179413037165662_n-\u2014-\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044f.jpg 1080w, https:\/\/vulcanesti.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/558288027_25222182814083816_8243179413037165662_n-\u2014-\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044f-300x244.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vulcanesti.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/558288027_25222182814083816_8243179413037165662_n-\u2014-\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044f-1024x832.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1430\" height=\"847\" data-id=\"13643\" src=\"https:\/\/vulcanesti.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/249469f6-0dbc-418e-8a27-ac4496648cb2-\u2014-\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044f.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13643\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vulcanesti.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/249469f6-0dbc-418e-8a27-ac4496648cb2-\u2014-\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044f.jpeg 1430w, https:\/\/vulcanesti.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/249469f6-0dbc-418e-8a27-ac4496648cb2-\u2014-\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044f-300x178.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/vulcanesti.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/249469f6-0dbc-418e-8a27-ac4496648cb2-\u2014-\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044f-1024x607.jpeg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1430px) 100vw, 1430px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0416\u0415\u041b\u0415\u0417\u041d\u041e\u0414\u041e\u0420\u041e\u0416\u041d\u0410\u042f \u0421\u0422\u0410\u041d\u0426\u0418\u042f \u0412\u0423\u041b\u041a\u0410\u041d\u0415\u0428\u0422\u042b \u041f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f (XIX \u0432\u0435\u043a \u2014 2025 \u0433\u043e\u0434) \u0412\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0416\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f 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